Sweden
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About
Sweden
Sweden
Population: 8,986,400 (July 2004 est.)
Languages: Swedish note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities.
Capital: Stockholm
Government Type: Constitutional Monarchy.
Independence Day: 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)
Legal System: civil law system influenced by customary law;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations.
Currency: Swedish krona (SEK)
Executive
Branch:
Chief
of State: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir
Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of
the monarch (born 14 July 1977).
Head of Government: Prime Minister Goran PERSSON (since 21 March
1996) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister.
American
Embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds VAG 31, SE-11589 Stockholm
Mailing Address: American Embassy Stockholm, Department of State,
5750
Telephone: [46] (08) 783 53 00 FAX: [46] (08) 661 19 64
General Overview: A military power during the 17th century,
Sweden has not participated in any war in almost two centuries.
An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Sweden's
long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded
with substantial welfare elements was challenged in the 1990s
by high unemployment and in 2000-02 by the global economic downturn,
but fiscal discipline over the past several years has allowed
the country to weather economic vagaries. Indecision over the
country's role in the political and economic integration of
Europe delayed Sweden's entry into the EU until 1995, and waived
the introduction of the euro in 1999.
Economic
Overview: Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole 20th century,
Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed
system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits.
It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and
external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber,
hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an
economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned
firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the
engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture
accounts for only 2% of GDP and 2% of the jobs. The government's
commitment to fiscal discipline resulted in a substantial budgetary
surplus in 2001, which was cut by more than half in 2002, due
to the global economic slowdown, declining revenue, and increased
spending. The Swedish central bank (the Riksbank) is focusing
on price stability with its inflation target of 2%. Growth remained
sluggish in 2003. On September 14, 2003, Swedish voters turned
down entry into the euro system, concerned about the impact
on democracy and sovereignty.
International
Disputes: None
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