Portugal
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About
Portugal
Portugal
Population: 10,524,145 (July 2004 est.)
Languages: Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but
locally used)
Capital: Lisbon
Government Type: Parliamentary Democracy.
Independence Day: 1143 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October
1910).
Legal System: Civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal
reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations.
Currency: euro (EUR)
Executive
Branch:
Chief
of State: President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996).
Head of Government: Prime Minister Pedro SANTANA LOPES (since
17 July 2004); note - Prime Minister Jose Manuel DURAO BARROSO
resigned 5 July 2004 to take over the Presidency of the European
Commission later this year.
American
Embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon
Mailing Address: Apartado 4258, 1507 Lisboa Codex; PSC 83, APO
AE 09726
Telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300 FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109
General Overview: Following its heyday as a world power during
the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth
and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake,
occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence
in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the
monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments
ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed
broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted
independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding
member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.
Economic
Overview: Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly
service-based economy since joining the European Community in
1986. Over the past decade, successive governments have privatized
many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the
economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors.
The country qualified for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along
with 11 other EU member economies. Economic growth has been
above the EU average for much of the past decade, but fell back
in 2001-03. GDP per capita stands at 70% of that of the leading
EU economies. A poor educational system, in particular, has
been an obstacle to greater productivity and growth. Portugal
has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in
Central Europe and Asia as a target for foreign direct investment.
The coalition government faces tough choices in its attempts
to boost Portugal's economic competitiveness and to keep the
budget deficit within the 3% EU ceiling.
International
Disputes: Some Portuguese groups assert dormant claims to territories
ceded to Spain around the town of Olivenza.
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