Morocco
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About
Morocco
Morocco
Population: 32,209,101 (July 2004 est.)
Languages: Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often
the language of business, government, and diplomacy.
Capital: Rabat
Government Type: Constitutional Monarchy
Independence Day: 2 March 1956 (from France)
Legal System: Based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil
law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional
Chamber of Supreme Court.
Currency: Moroccan dirham (MAD)
Executive
Branch:
Chief
of State: King MOHAMED VI (since 30 July 1999).
Head of Government: Prime Minister Driss JETTOU (since 9 October
2002).
American
Embassy: 2 Avenue de Mohamed El Fassi, Rabat
Mailing Address: PSC 74, Box 021, APO AE 09718
Telephone: [212] (37) 76 22 65 FAX: [212] (37) 76 56 61
General Overview: Morocco's long struggle for independence from
France ended in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier
was turned over to the new country that same year. Morocco virtually
annexed Western Sahara during the late 1970s, but final resolution
on the status of the territory remains unresolved. Gradual political
reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral
legislature in 1997. Parliamentary elections were held for the
second time in September 2002 and municipal elections were held
in September 2003.
Economic
Overview: Morocco faces the problems typical of developing countries
- restraining government spending, reducing constraints on private
activity and foreign trade, and achieving sustainable economic
growth. Despite structural adjustment programs supported by
the IMF, the World Bank, and the Paris Club, the dirham is only
fully convertible for current account transactions. Reforms
of the financial sector are being contemplated. Droughts depressed
activity in the key agricultural sector and contributed to a
stagnant economy in 2002. Morocco reported large foreign exchange
inflows from the sale of a mobile telephone license, and partial
privatization of the state-owned telecommunications company
and the state tobacco company. Favorable rainfall in 2003 led
to a growth of 6%. Formidable long-term challenges include:
preparing the economy for freer trade with the EU and US, improving
education, and attracting foreign investment to boost living
standards and job prospects for Morocco's youth.
International
Disputes: Claims and administers Western Sahara whose sovereignty
remains unresolved - UN-administered cease-fire has remained
in effect since September 1991, but attempts to hold a referendum
have failed and parties thus far have rejected all brokered
proposals; Polisario, Algeria, and European supporters agree
to the latest US-brokered UN proposals for limited temporary
autonomy for 4-5 years followed by a referendum on independence,
but Morocco's final response is pending; Morocco protests Spain's
control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Penon
de Velez de la Gomera, the islands of Penon de Alhucemas and
Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; Morocco also rejected
Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary
Islands in 2002 to set limits to undersea resource exploration
and refugee interdiction, but agreed in 2003 to discuss a comprehensive
maritime delimitation; Morocco serves as the primary launching
area of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa.
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