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El Salvador
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About
El Salvador
El
Salvador Population: 6,587,541 (July 2004 est.)
Languages: Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)
Capital: San Salvador
Government Type: Republic
Independence Day: 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Legal System: Based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common
law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Currency: US dollar (USD)
Executive
Branch:
Chief
of State: President Elias Antonio SACA (since 1 June 2004);
Vice President Ana Vilma DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note
- the president is both the chief of state and head of government.
Head of Government: President Elias Antonio SACA (since 1 June
2004); Vice President Ana Vilma DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004);
note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government.
American
Embassy: Calle 120 Avenida O, Pavas, San Jose
Mailing Address: APO AA 34020
Telephone: [506] 519-2000, 975-6411 FAX: [506] 519-2305
General Overview: El Salvador achieved independence from Spain
in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A
12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought
to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed
a treaty that provided for military and political reforms.
Economic
Overview: With the adoption of the US dollar as its currency,
El Salvador has lost control over monetary policy and must concentrate
on maintaining a disciplined fiscal policy. GDP per capita is
roughly only half that of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, and
the distribution of income is highly unequal. The trade deficit
has been offset by annual remittances of almost $2 billion from
Salvadorans living abroad and external aid. The government is
striving to open new export markets, encourage foreign investment,
modernize the tax and healthcare systems, and stimulate the
sluggish economy.
International
Disputes: In 1992, the ICJ ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones"
(disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, and
the OAS is assisting with a technical resolution of undemarcated
bolsones; in 2003, the ICJ rejected El Salvador's request to
revise its decision on one part of the bolsones; the 1992 ICJ
ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary
in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of Honduran access
to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island,
not mentioned by the ICJ, off Honduras in the Gulf de Fonseca.
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